A DE MORGAN APPLICATION
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We get from A to B, by changing AND shapes to OR ones, and putting new "bubbles" and removing old ones.

To get from B to C, we slide the "bubbles" on the right hand gates along the leads.

To get from C to D, we remove the left hand gates because they are redundant.
Their outputs go low when activated.
Their inputs are taken low to activate the gates.
The outputs follow the inputs.
Replace the gates with a piece of wire.



Copyright Graham Knott 1999